XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. XRF analysers determine the chemistry of a sample by measuring the fluorescent (or secondary) X-ray emitted from a sample when it is excited by a primary X-ray source. Each of the elements present in a sample produces a set of characteristic fluorescent X-rays (“a fingerprint”) that is unique for that specific element, which is why XRF spectroscopy is an excellent technology for qualitative and quantitative analysis of material composition.

Fire Assay is one of the oldest and most trusted methods for determining purity for metals such as gold, silver and platinum. The workflow consists of sample preparation, fusion, cupellation, and measurement.
It involves fusing a sample with flux and lead at 1000 degrees to collect precious metals, followed by cupellation to remove base metals, leaving behind a pure metal bead (prill) on completion. The method is accurate and widely used in the precious metal industry.